What is a Vector Graphic?
Vector, like many words in the English language, has multiple meanings. Today we’re covering one of those as to how it relates to design. Vectors are mathematically derived graphics formed on cartesian planes or rather grid-based systems. These graphics are infinitely scalable without any degradation in quality unlike that of bitmaps.
What it Is and File Standards
Vectors are primarily made up of the following file types.
- .eps
- .svg
- .ai (native Adobe Illustrator file)
SVG files are becoming supported by modern web browsers as a solution to transparent png file sizes becoming too big to be worth the hassle.
Advantages Over Traditional Raster
Traditional raster images have their limitations, and that is what vectors can overcome
- Infinite Resolution
- Scaleable
- Small File Size
- Can be Animated
- Can be Interactive
Disadvantages Over Traditional Raster Images
- Bound by mathematical grid systems
- Not as Photorealistic
Where to Start
Programs like Adobe Illustrator work mainly in vectors. Adobe Photoshop does have some vector tools but they are really only useful in working with rasterized images. Other programs that work in vectors are Affinity Designer, CorelDRAW, Sketch, and Inkscape. We have multiple tutorials on Adobe Illustrator in our knowledge center.
When to Use Vectors
Vectors should be utilized in any design that requires scalability, much like a logo, however there are other vector uses. Vectors can also be utilized for interactive web experiences through the use of Lottie files and other such coding methods. Also vectors can be animated using programs such as Adobe After Effects. Rhinoceros 3D also works using vectors and can import Illustrator files to use as a basis for extrusions and other modeling work such as printing prototypes. Rhinoceros 3D also has an animation plugin much like Cinema 4D where renders of vector-based 3D models are a possibility.
Conclusion
Vectors are key to creating a multitude of graphic assets. All too often clients come to me with a rasterized “logo” that they need to scale up, and I have to convert them to vectors. This process takes time and money so do the right thing and learn how to use vector programs. Infinite scalable assets come in handy more times than one would think. Check out the various knowledge centers to learn more about the use of vectors.
